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- Reduces Water Requirement
Due to the spherical shape of fly ash particles, the concrete mix is not as dependent upon mix water as a vehicle for workability.
- Increases Workability
 Due to the spherical shape of fly ash particles, the workability of concrete making materials is increased. Also, fly ash contains particles finer than Portland cement particles, and a pound of fly ash contains approximately one-third more fines than a pound of Portland cement, due to specific gravity difference. The extreme fines in fly ash will aid in the finishablilty of concrete flatwork.
- Reduces Bleeding
Since fly ash contains particles finer than Portland cement particles, the fly ash fines and its gradation more easily block off paths of water channels through the concrete.
- Reduces Segregation
Other than entrained air in plastic concrete mixes, fines are required to hold a mix together. Fly ash will also substantially improve the pumpability of concrete mix; this is not only due to increased fines that help reduce segregation, but also these same fines increase the workability of the mix. The combination of reduced segregation and increased workability in the fly ash concrete mix will lead to lower concrete pump pressure.
- Reduces Heat Of Hydration
By replacing as much as 50% of the Portland cement with fly ash, such as in dam projects, the heat of hydration is greatly reduced. By replacing 15% to 20% of the Portland cement in today's commercial mixes, the heat of hydration of the fly ash in the mix is approximately 50% of the Portland cement that the fly ash replaces (per a Corps of Engineers study). This lower heat of hydration can be of significant help in reducing concrete quick set in hot weather.
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